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Aquatic Therapeutic Exercise Certification (ATRIC)

Citations39
Lenses scored3
Best lensClinical

Training & provider links

Sources reviewed 2026-10-23. Confirm availability with the provider.Browse CE courses →

Granted by the Aquatic Therapy & Rehab Institute: 15 hours of aquatic education plus a 75-question proctored exam ($255-675 all-in), open to PTs, OTs, ATs, EPs, and other rehab professionals.

The underlying intervention is well evidenced; Cochrane reviews support aquatic exercise for knee/hip OA, fibromyalgia, and post-stroke ADLs; meta-analyses support benefits in Parkinson's, MS, low back pain (including a 2022 JAMA Network Open RCT), and pediatric CP.

Effects are generally comparable to land-based exercise; the key practical constraint is therapy-pool access.

Score anatomy · every lens

Six dimensions per lens, each with its reasoning.

Clinical outcomes weight 35
62/100

Multiple Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses show clinically meaningful short-term improvements in pain, function, and QoL for OA, fibromyalgia, stroke, Parkinson's, MS, and low back pain; though most comparisons show equivalence to land-based exercise, so the unique value is for load-intolerant patients.

Caseload applicability weight 15
35/100

Hard infrastructure constraint: only usable where a therapy pool exists, which excludes the large majority of outpatient clinics.

Billing & reimbursement weight 15
55/100

Aquatic therapy has its own CPT code (97113) reimbursed at or slightly above therapeutic exercise, but the credential confers no payer premium and pool overhead erodes margins.

Certification investment weight 20
42/100

The credential is cheap and fast (15 CE hours + exam), but day-to-day aquatic care is operationally slow; transfers, changing time, and pool setup reduce visits per hour.

Employer demand weight 10
45/100

Niche but stable demand in SNFs, hospital wellness centers, and aquatic-equipped practices; postings specifically requesting ATRIC are uncommon.

Patient experience weight 5
75/100

Patients consistently rate aquatic therapy as enjoyable with high adherence; buoyancy enables pain-reduced movement for populations who fail land-based programs.

Sources · 39 on file

The citation library behind every score.

Evidence mix
Meta-analysis
20
51%
Systematic review
11
28%
RCT
7
18%
Narrative review
1
3%
Publication years59% since 2022
7
Last reviewed 2026-1039 sources
Source types26 other13 peer-reviewed
  1. 01
    Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis
    Bartels EM, Juhl CB, Christensen R, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2016
    Cochrane review of 13 RCTs (n=1190): aquatic exercise produces small but clinically relevant short-term improvements in pain, disability, and QoL in knee/hip OA.
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD005523.pub3
    DOI ↗
  2. 02
    Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia
    Bidonde J, Busch AJ, Webber SC, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2014
    Cochrane review of 16 trials (n=881): aquatic training improves wellness, symptoms, fitness, and pain in fibromyalgia, with effects comparable to land-based exercise.
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD011336
    DOI ↗
  3. 03
    Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis
    Waller B, Ogonowska-Slodownik A, Vitor M, et al. · Physical Therapy · 2014
    Meta-analysis of 11 studies (n=1092): aquatic exercise significantly reduces pain and stiffness and improves function in lower-limb OA.
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.2522/ptj.20130417
    DOI ↗
  4. 04
    Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing land and aquatic exercise for people with hip or knee arthritis on function, mobility and other health outcomes
    Batterham SI, Heywood S, Keating JL · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · 2011
    Head-to-head meta-analysis: aquatic and land-based exercise produce comparable outcomes in hip/knee arthritis; water is an equivalent option for those who cannot tolerate land exercise.
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/1471-2474-12-123
    DOI ↗
  5. 05
    Water-based exercises for improving activities of daily living after stroke
    Mehrholz J, Kugler J, Pohl M · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2011
    Cochrane review: limited evidence suggests water-based exercise after stroke may benefit ADLs and strength, though trials were few and small.
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1002/14651858.CD008186.pub2
    DOI ↗
  6. 06
    Evaluating the effectiveness of aquatic therapy on mobility, balance, and level of functional independence in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Iliescu AM, McIntyre A, Wiener J, et al. · Clinical Rehabilitation · 2020
    Meta-analysis in stroke: aquatic therapy produced significant improvements in mobility and balance versus land-based therapy.
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1177/0269215519880955
    DOI ↗
  7. 07
    Aquatic exercise improves motor impairments in people with Parkinson's disease, with similar or greater benefits than land-based exercise: a systematic review
    Cugusi L, Manca A, Bergamin M, et al. · Journal of Physiotherapy · 2019
    Systematic review in PD: aquatic exercise improves motor impairments, balance, and fear of falling, with benefits similar to or greater than land-based exercise.
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1016/j.jphys.2019.02.003
    DOI ↗
  8. 08
    Effects of water-based exercise on functioning and quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Gomes Neto M, Pontes SS, Almeida LO, et al. · Clinical Rehabilitation · 2020
    Meta-analysis: water-based exercise improves balance, mobility, and quality of life in Parkinson's disease.
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1177/0269215520943660
    DOI ↗
  9. 09
    The effect of aquatic physical therapy on patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Amedoro A, Berardi A, Conte A, et al. · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · 2020
    Meta-analysis in MS: aquatic PT benefits fatigue, balance, and function; recommended as an integration with conventional therapy.
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102022
    DOI ↗
  10. 10
    Effects of Aquatic Intervention on Gross Motor Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
    Roostaei M, Baharlouei H, Azadi H, Fragala-Pinkham MA · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · 2017
    Systematic review of 11 studies in pediatric CP: aquatic intervention shows promising gross-motor improvements with good feasibility and enjoyment.
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/01942638.2016.1247938
    DOI ↗
  11. 11
    Aquatic Exercises in the Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis of Eight Studies
    Shi Z, Zhou H, Lu L, et al. · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · 2018
    Meta-analysis of 8 RCTs: aquatic exercise significantly reduces pain and disability in low back pain versus control interventions.
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000801
    DOI ↗
  12. 12
    Efficacy of Therapeutic Aquatic Exercise vs Physical Therapy Modalities for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
    Peng MS, Wang R, Wang YZ, et al. · JAMA Network Open · 2022
    RCT (n=113, 12-month follow-up): aquatic exercise produced greater improvements in disability, pain, QoL, sleep, and mental state than PT modalities for chronic low back pain.
    RCTdoi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42069
    DOI ↗
Show all 39 citationsShowing all 39 citations+27 moreCollapse
  1. 13
    The effect of aquatic exercise on physical functioning in the older adult: a systematic review with meta-analysis
    Waller B, Ogonowska-Slodownik A, Vitor M, et al. · Age and Ageing · 2016
    Meta-analysis in older adults: aquatic exercise improves physical functioning, comparable to land-based exercise and superior to no intervention.
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1093/ageing/afw102
    DOI ↗
  2. 14
    The efficacy and safety of hydrotherapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    C. Lei; H. Chen; S. Zheng; Q. Pan; J. Xu; Y. Li; Y. Liu · Int J Surg · 2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/JS9.0000000000000962
    DOI ↗
  3. 15
    Aquatic Compared With Land-Based Exercises on Gross Motor Function of Children/Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
    E. Pauluka; L. S. Ceolin; L. C. Fontanela; A. N. Dos Santos · Child Care Health Dev · 2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1111/cch.70023
    DOI ↗
  4. 16
    Aquatic therapy for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial and mixed-methods process evaluation
    D. Hind; J. Parkin; V. Whitworth; S. Rex; T. Young; L. Hampson; J. Sheehan; C. Maguire; H. Cantrill; E. Scott; H. Epps; M. Main; M. Geary; H. McMurchie; L. Pallant; D. Woods; J. Freeman; E. Lee; M. Eagle; T. Willis; F. Muntoni; P. Baxter · Health Technol Assess · 2017
    RCTdoi:10.3310/hta21270
    DOI ↗
  5. 17
    The effects of hydrotherapy on athletic ability in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Y. Tao; Z. Cao; M. C. Shin; M. Chen; S. Han · PLoS One · 2025
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325517
    DOI ↗
  6. 18
    Aquatic therapy compared to standard care for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
    N. Vaillancourt; C. Montpetit; B. Rosenstein; M. Fortin · Pain Manag · 2026
    RCTdoi:10.1080/17581869.2026.2613633
    DOI ↗
  7. 19
    Aquatic therapy improves self-reported sleep quality in fibromyalgia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    C. Bravo; F. Rubí-Carnacea; I. Colomo; M. Sánchez-de-la-Torre; H. Fernández-Lago; C. Climent-Sanz · Sleep Breath · 2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1007/s11325-023-02933-x
    DOI ↗
  8. 20
    Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders
    S. Shaukat; M. F. Hassan; Q. U. A. Khalid; F. A. Rathore · J Pak Med Assoc · 2026
    Narrative reviewdoi:10.47391/JPMA.26-16
    DOI ↗
  9. 21
    The Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy on Motor and Social Skill as Well as Executive Function in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    A. Shariat; M. G. Najafabadi; I. K. Dos Santos; A. T. Anastasio; H. R. Milajerdi; G. Hassanzadeh; E. Nouri · Arch Phys Med Rehabil · 2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.08.025
    DOI ↗
  10. 22
    Effects of aquatic physical therapy on clinical symptoms, physical function, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    J. Ma; T. Zhang; X. Li; X. Chen; Q. Zhao · Physiother Theory Pract · 2024
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2119906
    DOI ↗
  11. 23
    Efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Z. Xu; Y. Wang; Y. Zhang; Y. Lu; Y. Wen · Clin Rehabil · 2023
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1177/02692155221134240
    DOI ↗
  12. 24
    Efficacy of aquatic therapy in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    L. Palladino; I. Ruotolo; A. Berardi; A. Carlizza; G. Galeoto · Spinal Cord · 2023
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1038/s41393-023-00892-4
    DOI ↗
  13. 25
    Overall treatment effects of aquatic physical therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    J. Ma; X. Chen; J. Xin; X. Niu; Z. Liu; Q. Zhao · J Orthop Surg Res · 2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s13018-022-03069-6
    DOI ↗
  14. 26
    Benefits of aquatic exercise in adults with and without chronic disease-A systematic review with meta-analysis
    L. B. Faíl; D. A. Marinho; E. A. Marques; M. J. Costa; C. C. Santos; M. C. Marques; M. Izquierdo; H. P. Neiva · Scand J Med Sci Sports · 2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1111/sms.14112
    DOI ↗
  15. 27
    Effect of aquatic physical therapy on chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    J. Ma; T. Zhang; Y. He; X. Li; H. Chen; Q. Zhao · BMC Musculoskelet Disord · 2022
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1186/s12891-022-05981-8
    DOI ↗
  16. 28
    Aquatic therapy in stroke rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis
    J. Veldema; P. Jansen · Acta Neurol Scand · 2021
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1111/ane.13371
    DOI ↗
  17. 29
    Is aquatic exercise more effective than land-based exercise for knee osteoarthritis?
    R. Dong; Y. Wu; S. Xu; L. Zhang; J. Ying; H. Jin; P. Wang; L. Xiao; P. Tong · Medicine (Baltimore) · 2018
    Meta-analysisdoi:10.1097/MD.0000000000013823
    DOI ↗
  18. 30
    Rehabilitation effect of aquatic exercise on motor function in children with cerebral palsy: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
    F. Li; W. Huang; H. Li; Z. Liu; L. Feng · J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil · 2025
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1177/10538127251313951
    DOI ↗
  19. 31
    Aquatic therapy for spastic cerebral palsy: a scoping review
    A. Xiang; Y. Fu; C. Wang; D. Huang; J. Qi; R. Zhao; L. Wu; C. Fan; Q. Zhang · Eur J Med Res · 2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1186/s40001-024-02171-1
    DOI ↗
  20. 32
    Aquatic Exercise in Physical Therapy Treatment for Fibromyalgia: Systematic Review
    M. Rodríguez-Huguet; C. Ayala-Martínez; P. Góngora-Rodríguez; M. Á. Rosety-Rodríguez; R. Martín-Valero; J. Góngora-Rodríguez · Healthcare (Basel) · 2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/healthcare12060701
    DOI ↗
  21. 33
    Aquatic Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Scoping Review
    A. Ogonowska-Slodownik; O. Jakobowicz; L. Alexander; A. R. Marinho-Buzelli; C. Devion; N. Morgulec-Adamowicz · Children (Basel) · 2024
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.3390/children11111404
    DOI ↗
  22. 34
    The Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy Based on the Halliwick Concept in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
    C. Tapia; J. Constanzo; V. González; R. M. Barría · Dev Neurorehabil · 2023
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.1080/17518423.2023.2259986
    DOI ↗
  23. 35
    Efficacy of aquatic therapy for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
    I. Corvillo; E. Varela; F. Armijo; A. Alvarez-Badillo; O. Armijo; F. Maraver · Eur J Phys Rehabil Med · 2017
    Systematic reviewdoi:10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04570-1
    DOI ↗
  24. 36
    Comparative Study Between Aquatic Therapy and Land-Based Exercises in Hemiplegic Patients After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    G. Iatridou; A. N. Stergiou; D. N. Varvarousis; A. Theodorou; S. Doulgeri; H. S. Pelidou; G. Dimakopoulos; A. Ploumis · Am J Phys Med Rehabil · 2025
    RCTdoi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000002589
    DOI ↗
  25. 37
    Comparison of the Aquatic Therapy Protocols on Gait of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    C. R. A. P. Castro; L. C. de Oliveira; A. M. Kakihata; J. L. R. Barbosa; R. S. F. da Silva; M. H. Nishida; M. A. Pereira; D. M. Braga · Pediatr Phys Ther · 2025
    RCTdoi:10.1097/PEP.0000000000001220
    DOI ↗
  26. 38
    Aquatic versus land-based exercise for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
    M. Slouma; M. Abbes; L. Kharrat; R. Dhahri; R. Maaoui; N. Mouhli; M. Hfaidh; S. Zrida; I. Ksibi; H. Rahali; B. Hedia; I. Gharsallah · Korean J Fam Med · 2025
    RCTdoi:10.4082/kjfm.23.0102
    DOI ↗
  27. 39
    The effect of aquatic therapy on fatigue and balance in people with multiple sclerosis: An assessor-blind randomized controlled trial
    G. Tsatsakos; G. Grammatikou; E. Zogka; G. M. Kyriakatis; T. Besios; K. Chandolias · Mult Scler Relat Disord · 2025
    RCTdoi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106836
    DOI ↗
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